Factors That May Affect PSA Test Results
PSA (prostate-specific antigen) tests that test for the risk of prostate cancer in men are sensitive to many outside factors that can affect the results. Unfortunately, many physicians do not inform their patients of this fact. This may cause one to need several tests performed to get accurate results.
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Several factors may elevate the results of a PSA test. The higher the level, the more likely cancer is present. A result with high levels due to some other outside factor could cause a false positive result and a lot of unnecessary stress and fear. Many things can cause an elevated PSA level that should not be cause for concern. For example, age alone can cause a rise in levels. As a man ages, his PSA levels rise as well. Also, men should abstain from sex at least two days before being tested. Studies show that ejaculation within this period before a PSA test may increase PSA levels in the blood. Stimulation of the prostate from something such as a bike ride may also elevate the levels. Infections of the prostate that may produce no symptoms may also lead to elevated PSA levels. Also, a man with a larger than average prostate may get results with higher levels even if his prostate is healthy due to the fact that larger prostates produce more PSA in the blood.
On the other hand, some factors can artificially lower the PSA levels. This could lead a patient to believe they have no risk when in fact, they may have higher levels than the results show. Many medications can lower PSA levels in the blood. For example, over the counter herbal remedies such as saw palmetto can reduce levels by as much as 50%. Also, men who regularly use aspirin or other painkillers have levels 10% lower than those who do not.
One should always keep in mind that there is no “normal” number for PSA test results. Many different factors should be taken into account. Also, it is important to realize that one abnormal PSA test result does not necessarily mean one has cancer. It is important to be tested on a routine basis to watch the levels for fluctuations. The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that all men, beginning at age 50 and those at an increased risk of prostate cancer have a PSA test performed annually.
